January marks Cervical Health Awareness Month, a vital opportunity to spread knowledge about cervical health, promote preventive measures, and encourage proactive steps toward early detection of cervical cancer. But first of all, it’s important to know what are talking about.
What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It typically develops slowly, beginning as precancerous changes (dysplasia) before advancing to invasive cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally, but it is also one of the most preventable.
The primary cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection, with some strains classified as high-risk due to their potential to cause cancer. Not all HPV infections lead to cervical cancer; in fact, many are cleared by the immune system. However, when an infection persists, it can result in cellular changes that may progress to cancer if left untreated.
Signs and Symptoms
Early-stage cervical cancer often shows no symptoms, which is why regular screening is essential. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding (e.g., between periods, after intercourse, or postmenopause)
- Pelvic pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Unusual vaginal discharge
If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your healthcare provider as soon as possible.
How can I prevent?
Cervical cancer is highly preventable through vaccination, screening, and treatment of precancerous conditions. Here’s how you can protect yourself:
1. HPV Vaccination
The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infections with high-risk HPV strains responsible for most cervical cancer cases. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the vaccine for:
- Children aged 11-12, though it can be given as early as age 9.
- People up to age 26 if they were not vaccinated earlier.
- Adults aged 27-45 after consulting with their doctor about potential benefits.
2. Regular Screening
Screening tests can detect precancerous changes early, making treatment more effective. Two main screening methods are:
- Pap Smear (Papanicolaou Test): Detects abnormal cervical cells that could become cancerous.
- HPV Test: Identifies the presence of high-risk HPV strains.
Many Worldwide Cancer Societies recommends starting screening at age 25 and continuing regularly based on medical guidelines and risk factors.
3. Practicing Safe Sex
Since HPV is transmitted through sexual contact, using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners can reduce the risk of infection.
4. Quitting Smoking
Smoking weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to clear HPV infections. Smokers are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer.
Global Impact
Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women in low- and middle-income countries, where access to vaccines, screening, and treatment is often limited. The WHO aims to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem through its global strategy, which includes achieving 90% HPV vaccination coverage, 70% screening coverage, and 90% treatment for precancerous lesions and invasive cancers.
Taking Action During Cervical Health Awareness Month
This January, use Cervical Health Awareness Month as a reminder to prioritize your health or encourage others to do the same. Here are a few actionable steps:
- Schedule a Screening: If you’re due for a Pap or HPV test, make an appointment today.
- Talk About It: Share information with friends and family about the importance of cervical health.
- Check the Vaccination: Ensure eligible children and young adults in your community are vaccinated against HPV.
- Support Global Efforts: Consider donating to organizations working to improve access to cervical cancer prevention and treatment in underserved regions.
Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable when detected early. By raising awareness, promoting vaccination, and encouraging regular screenings, we can significantly reduce the global burden of this disease. Make cervical health a priority not just in January but year-round.
Sources of information:
- World Health Organization (WHO) – Cervical Cancer: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – HPV and Cancer: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/
This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for specific concerns.